And the main nutritional of fruits and vegetables are vitamins and mineral. Vitamins contained in the fruits and vegetables are provitamin A, vitamin C, E, K and various groups of vitamin B complex. Besides, fruits and vegetables are rich in various types of mineral such as potassium, calcium, sodium, iron, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, and boron.
A. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate is the energy source for the body. This substance is serving to give the energy that affects the way the brain works, red blood cell formation and nervous system as well as it helps metabolize protein and fat.
There are two kinds of carbohydrates, which are simple and complex carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are made up of polysaccharide (starch, dextrin and glycogen) and also fiber. On the other hand, simple carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides (glukosa, fruktosa, galaktosa, manosa, pentosa), disakarida (sucrose, maltose, lactose, trehalosa), sugar alcohols (sorbitol, mannitol, inositol), and oligosaccharides (raffinose, stachyose, verbascose, fructans). Carbohydrates contained in fruits and vegetables, generally forms of starch and cellulose; they come from the bananas, mangoes, pumpkins and potatoes.
B. Fat
Fat is also the energy source for the body and fat is also called as the chemical compounds, which in its molecular structure contains the cluster of fatty acids. There are two kinds of fatty acid, and both are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids come from the animal foodstuffs. Based on a study result, the foods with high-saturated fatty acids can lead stroke, cancer and heart disease.
Fruits and vegetables mostly have a little fat; such as avocado, chickpeas, and beans. A fatty acid that is contained in the vegetable foodstuffs usually an unsaturated fatty acid. Fruits and vegetables mostly have a little fat; such as avocado, chickpeas, and beans. A fatty acid that is contained in the vegetable foodstuffs usually an unsaturated fatty acid. The function of unsaturated fatty acid is working as the component of nerve cells, and hormone-like compounds (prostaglandin). Other than that, unsaturated fatty acid serves as a protection or therapy for heart disease and cancers.C. Protein
Proteins have a function as the basic nutrient to form cells and body tissues. In addition, proteins have a very important role in the process of growth, maintenance and repair damaged tissue. Proteins are huge molecules, which made up of amino acid sequence. Another fundamental thing of amino acid that should be presented in daily diet, and this term known as "essential amino acids".
Food crops often get less than one or more of essential amino acids, so that need combined with other protein substances. So those proteins are ideal and complementary.
D. Vitamin
Vitamin is a complex organic compound required by the body in limited amount. In the body, vitamin act as a regulator. Vitamins have grouped into two types; fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins.
The fat-soluble vitamins list are vitamin A, D, E and K, while water-soluble vitamins list is vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C and folic acid.
E. Mineral
Mineral plays important roles in maintenance of body functions including cells, tissues, organs and whole body functions. Besides, the mineral is also acting as catalyst and cofactor activity of enzymes in every phase of metabolism.
There are two types of mineral, and both called as trace minerals and macro minerals. Macro minerals that needed in large quantities (more than 100 mg/day) while trace minerals is only a little of it (less than 15 mg/day). Trace minerals are rare to appear in common foods.
F. Water
Fruits and vegetables have a fairly high water content. That's why fruits and vegetables can give an invigorating effect to the body when consumed. Water in the body serves as solvent and nutrient transporters, especially to water-soluble vitamins and minerals.
In addition, water act as catalyst, lubricant, facilitator of growth, temperature control, and impact absorbers.
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